Networks and Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Networks and Security - Assignment Example On the other hand, it is not possible to have integrity existing without confidentiality. This is because the act of maintaining integrity concerns editing or changing the contents of data or a message. Therefore before integrity crime is committed then that person will have breached confidentiality (Cole, 2011). Since, he/she will have to be aware of the contents of the data or message. This occurs when the person involved is has access to the contents of the data or message either through authorization or not. Question 2 The random nonce in an SSL handshake is so that an attacker cannot replay the sequence numbers used in encrypting data sent over a network. This mechanism is effective in ensuring security of the data sent is highly secured. Random nonces are very effective in protecting data sent over networks. For instance, when Bob sends a sequence of data to Alice, an intruder by the name of Tom sniffs the message and wants to extract the data. Tom will set up a TCP connection with Bob and send the same sequence of message. Bob may think that Alice sent the same sequence of data (Lockhart, 2007). In this case, the solution would be for Bob to send different nonce for each connection. As a result, this will cause the encryption keys for the different days to be different. Random nonces are effective in providing adequate security especially when sending repeated messages over the same network. The main purpose of random nonce is to provide encryption and data security for messages or records. Question 3 An application gateway is a machine that is used in ensuring that used in proving relay services when there are different filters. Filters in most cases block the transmission of certain classes of traffic. As a result, it is possible for gateways to prevent the traffic leading to huge networks problems or bottlenecks. Although gateways provide good security for networks they may hamper traffic leading to total collapse of the network. For instance, packet filtering gateways are used in filtering data from networks (Lockhart, 2007). They do so by dropping packets which might cause problems in the network. Therefore the best solution for the case whereby gateways re used is to include a router. A router is used in routing traffic within the network and it is also utilized in connection to the internet. The advantage of a router is that it takes traffic and routes it to different machines in the network (Laet, 2005). Thus making use of a router with an application will be effective in keeping unwanted traffic out while at the same time improving efficiency in delivering data packets to different destinations. Question 4 The monoalphebetic cipher is one of the most secure data encryption methods that can be utilized in different scenarios. The monoalphabetic cipher utilizes around 1026 pairings of data in ensuring that a message unencrypted. This method utilizes paring of letter to encrypt a message. For instance in encrypting the messag e â€Å"I am a student of MSc IT† would equal to: I=s, a=m, m=h, a=m, s=I, t=u, u=y, d=v, e=c, n=j, t=u, o=k, f=x, M=h, S=I, c=b, I=s, T=u. As a result, Plaintext (I am a student of MSc IT) is equal to Ciphertext (s mh miuyvcju kx hisu). While translating cipher text â€Å"s vkjkuuasjfik† would equal plaintext: S=i, v=d, k=o, j=n, k=o, u=t, u=t, a=h, s=I, j=n, f=k, i=s, k=o. As

A report for a new business venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A report for a new business venture - Essay Example This traditional practice of metal work or goldsmith has evolved into a multi- billion dollar industry that produces jewelry in common and rear objects and minerals (Erick, 1982). Currently in the UK there are very few companies that have venture into this business due to the professionalism and capital that is required. For one to successfully venture into this business he or she needs a strong capital base and a loyal customer of whom the products can be constantly sold to. In terms of competition, the industry has stiff competition since the products are not among basic commodities and therefore implies that the market is small because of the few number of people who can afford the product. However, for this particular business venture we will tend to use common materials and objects to create our product to limit on the cost of production as well as the price of the commodity. We intend to lower the price of our jewelry products to make them affordable to all our customers. There is a lot of competition in the jewelry business due to the limited amount of customers who are interested or can afford the jewelry products. In the UK most of this companies are large scale companies who mostly make their products from rare minerals such as gold and diamond. In order to beat the existing competition, our business will majorly focus on fabricating jewelry from common materials such as rocks and crystals that are easily available. This will reduce the cost of fabricating the jewelry and in turns lower the prices or our products which will enable our business to cover a large market including those consumers with very low purchasing power (Team, 2013). For a startup, the business will have just a few employees but with excellent skills of fabricating jewelry from the rocks and crystals (Erick, 1982). The rocks and crystals will be collected from farms and some of them will be bought from rock collection stores. The materials will then be fabricated

Internet Has Changed Peoples Lifestyle Marketing Essay

Internet Has Changed Peoples Lifestyle Marketing Essay Introduction The telephone took four decades to reach 50 million people The Internet has managed this within four years as digital technologies provide such efficient channels for business and consumer interaction transactions The Internet has changed people lifestyle; it became apart of people daily life. They use internet to replace their common activities such as E-mail instead of writing letter, MSN chat and Skype instead of using telephone, YouTube instead of watching TV. Therefore, many organisations tried to use Internet as a new way to reach their customers which called E-marketing. E-marketing is a new marketing strategy using to reach many consumers at low cost. It can be used to interact with customer 24hrs a day, 7days a week without any additional cost. Consumer can get information about products any times, any places. According to Seock and Norton (2007), consumer channel choices for shopping had been widened because of diffusion of the Internet: causing everything that happens to sales in electronic form or what it realized as online shopping. 84 per cent of global consumers have experience purchasing over the internet (Nielsen, 2008). Number of Thais internet usage rate is increasing everyday. There are many internet service providers offer high speed internet. Most of Thais are familiar with using internet in playing game, social network like Facebook, twitter but number of online purchasing is very low. Comparing between European and Western to Thai, the number of online purchasing is very different. Online purchasing is still very limited for Thais. They are not familiar with buying things online. Thai consumers love to see and touch and feel the product before making any purchasing decision. With brand name product, consumers seem to have a high involvement because its impossible for them to buy without seeing the real product. They also have very limited knowledge to buy thing online as they are afraid to share important information online such as their bank account, there personal data or their credit card number. At the same time, the number of Thai website that offers online service is very rare. Therefore there is opportunity to introduce this service for Thais. This research attempts at learning why Thais consumer do not want to buying brand name online. The aim of this research is to learn what Thai consumer perception toward buying brand name online is and what factors effect their decision making. What Thai consumers characteristic make a brand name online shopping. The area of this research will focus mainly on Thai consumers in Thailand. The research objective will be divided into five main areas: To investigate Thai consumer buying making decision toward online shopping. To investigate Thai consumers experience on shopping online. To investigate Thai consumers perception toward buying brand name online. To identify the most important factors in the buying decision making on online shopping in Thailand To investigate Thai consumer demographic characteristic who make online shopping. In research methodology, we will try to achieve the objective by using quantitative research through online questionnaire. The result of research will help researcher in order to achieve the objective that has been set and help us to determine Thai consumer behavior and perception toward buying online. Literature Review In this part, the researcher would like to divide into two parts: The first part will explain a character of consumer behavior towards high involvement such as buying brand name product, what factors effect them to buy online, and consumers perception toward brand. The second part will clarify the characteristic of online marketing in Thailand. Involvement Some products, such as high-performance car seem inherently involving because of their complexity, risk and cost, while others, such as toothpaste seem uninvolving by comparison because of their familiarity, low risk and low cost Laakasonen (1994) Therefore, buying brand name online is like a high-performance car because is too complex (untouchable product) and risky (fake product), this will make consumer spend more time in order to search information before making a decision. Moreover, a consumers level of involvement depends on their individual interests, value of products, needs, which attract or motivate them. Involvement is commonly defined as the consumers personal interest in buying or using an item from a given product field, an approach which nicely summarizes the personal, product and situational components of the relationship (Evan et al,. 2009). Factor Customer satisfaction seems to be a key major to influence consumer-buying decision. Customer satisfaction can be the most important reason for customers deciding to make a repeat purchase, and telling their friends about their satisfaction (Palmer 2000). If online shop can make customers believed that their shop has good quality product, secure, and friendly, this would help their shop gain more new customers. Not only online shops give customer a good quality product, but they should also give them equity. Oliver (1997) defined equity as a fairness, rightness or deservingness judgment that consumers make in reference to what others receive; it is also considered as an important determinant of satisfaction. With these product quality and equity, this would make customers satisfy and motivate them to make a repurchase. Brand Brand image seems to be an important for online market area because brand helps consumer make buying decision and it creates a credibility of online shop. Rio del B. et al. (2001) defined brand as the set of associations and behaviors on the part of a brands customers, channel membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and that gives that brand a strong, sustainable, and differential advantage over competitors. In Thailand, the customers perception toward brand product equate to high price, which in turn dampens their willingness to make decision toward buying brand name online. Online market It seems to be that now the market channel has been classified into two main channels that are online channels and offline channels or we called traditional channels. Offline channels, consumers reduce of risk on shopping because they can have a physical interaction with products, when compared to online channels. According to Brown et al. (2003), Whilst shopping online allows the exchanging of value and productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ by using computer as a medium of transaction transference. In Thailand, it seems to be that now Thai consumers still like to buy products from offline channel or in shopping mall due to online channel still do not have a good credibility. Thai online retailer should have to create credibility and trust to consumer in order to make them believe that Thai online channel is secure (Mict 2010). It seems to be that in Thailand, many of online retailers seem not to register for doing their business compare to Western country. Moreover, Thailand online payment still unsecure, this make Thai online consumers do not want to take risk on payment that is why they prefer to touch and see product before making buying decision. The key concerns that consumers have over the online purchasing trends are security of the privacy or financial which relatively unsecure once online payment has been made, such as credit card fraud (Harridge 2006). Moreover, Roman and Cuestas (2008) stated that security on online transaction is need to be strict as to gain trust i n the mind of shoppers regarding their online financial transaction made with the site will be safe form unauthorized access. Research Question This research has focused on four main research questions as follows: Who are online stores target customers in Thailand? What is the perception of Thai customers toward online shopping? What factors affect Thai consumers purchasing decisions? Which is the most important factor that influences Thai consumers purchasing brand name online? Research Method Research method helps online retailer know which strategies they should use to influence consumer buying decision. Research method can be classified into two types that are Quantitative research and Qualitative research. Both of them have different pros and cons, which researcher will discuss more in detail later on. Data can be collected in variety of ways, in different settings-field or lab-and from different sources. Choosing methodology is up to what paradigms the researcher adopts. There are two main paradigms or philosophies, which are positivist and phenomological (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The alternative terms for positivist are quantitative, objectivist, experimentalist, and traditionalist. The other terms for phenomenological are qualitative, subjectivist, humanistic, and interprevist. There are several data collection methods, each with their own advantage and disadvantages. The research method that researcher will use is Quantitative research, focusing on the survey method. Now, researcher should think about what types of questionnaire should be used, such as mail questionnaire, electronic questionnaire, and personal questionnaire. In this report, due to time limitation, it seems to be that the used of electronic questionnaire or online questionnaire will be more suitable and take less time, cost, and can expand very quickly in order to collect data than other quantitative research. After researcher has chosen a specific method, researcher will make a questionnaire by using pilot test in to make sure that all questions can be understand by respondent. If questionnaires have any errors or respondents hard to understand, researcher can improve before using to the target audiences. Researcher has specific target to make a research that is a Thai consumer age between 18 and 35 years old and compare between teenager (18-27) and middle age (28-35). A sample size that researcher expect to have is minimum 100 respondents, the questionnaire will be distributed through email and social networks to 200 respondent who have use internet. In order to make data collection, we will use both primary and secondary data. The secondary data will used on book, journal, article, and commercial online database provide from the website (Mintel, or Google Shcolar). Website offering information for a fee, almost every industry association, government agency, business publication, and news medium offers free information to those tenacious enough to find their website (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). The use of secondary provides a good start for research and define problem and objective. This helps researcher in order to find an objective for consumer buying decision and perception toward online brand name in Thailand. Secondary data helps researcher to better understand and indicated what has been missing form the current online business in Thailand. Moreover, it helps researcher to develop hypotheses and objective of the study. For primary data, a survey research has been chosen as a method of conducting a research, because survey was available to large number of population. As a time limitation, using questionnaire can help researcher save time and cost. After we already collect data from questionnaire, then we can identify that questionnaire is validity, reliability, and genalisability or not. Roadblock There might have some limitations when make a research, due to limit of time and budget cost. Moreover, the respondents are required to have a computer access to be able to take part in this research. Discussion To sum up, researcher believed that this research will help us to know more about Thai consumers behavior and perception toward online brand name store. The use of secondary data helps researcher can set a research question in order to collect a primary data. However, researcher has to select which research method would like to use in order to collect primary data. As a result, a good method in this report is Quantitative research by using questionnaire to collect primary data. By using questionnaire, it will help researcher to collect data and can analyses about Thai consumers. Due to time limitation of research, the used of questionnaire will helps us to save cost and time. The questionnaire has been sent to 200 via e-mail and social network in order to collect minimum 100 respondents. Researcher believed that the primary data that we collect can help to do finding and analyses on Thai consumers buying behavior and perception toward online brand name. Moreover, to learn more what f actor can influence Thai consumer in order to purchase brand name online.

Child Development and the Process of Learning Essays -- Biology, Early

Before children learn to use language to let their needs and wants be known they first learn to read, understand adult’s behaviour as well as responding through behaviour (Bishop and Baird, 2007). Challenging behaviour contributes to children’s social-emotional development through expressing their feelings and reacting to certain experiences with or without control (Berk, 2006). Early childhood teachers struggle to deal and to help children with challenging behaviour that teachers themselves are searching for answers and solution. Teachers should know about challenging behaviour or do they have enough knowledge to help themselves when facing this situation. Therefore; is disciplining the children the same as positive guidance? This review will consider these questions using literature from articles and research in early childhood education and special education. Teachers struggle when dealing with challenging behaviour especially when a child refused to listen but not o nly that they throw themselves on the ground, kicking and screaming. Bishop and Baird (2007) explain challenging behaviour from the children’s point of view as their way of communicating that something is not right with their experience using pain or distress. In addition, children with no self control, maturity, less understanding and don’t know how to express emotions appropriately or tiredness respond through challenging behaviour (Flicker & Hoffman, 2002). As children with challenging behaviour find it hard to communicate to adults and their peers, Neece & Baker (2008) examined children of intellectual disabilities and how it affects the parents. Children with both challenging behaviour and anti-social skills stress the parents because they do not know how to de... ...ctual disabilities. Finally as an early childhood teacher studying I have found this literature review very educational and helpful to my practice. To be a caring teacher I should be able to understand and provide positive guidance for the children with challenging behaviour. Using good observation and collaboration with parents and the communities will create knowledge, skills and strategies to use effective discipline for the children. As for myself I learnt the importance of working in a positive relationship with the parents, to respect and more understanding in their situation. It is my responsibility to use observation, reflection, goal setting and self-evaluation to generate and share new ideas. It would have been useful to have some New Zealand research or article that may include the New Zealand and Pacific Islands perspectives about challenging behaviour.

Recruitment and Employment Essay

1. Reflect on key messages you learnt about recruitment and employment for university students in the session. After listening to the sharing session by CAIO, I found that there are two main key points in recruitment for university graduates. The first key point is that students can always apply or work in the field that is not their professions, though the career path will be more challenging. Vanessa shared a few examples of the past students’ experience in finding jobs, for instance, students majoring in engineering during the 3-years university life turned out to be an accountant; and a student who was in language study finally became a flight attendant. Listening to these sharing was very inspiring and encouraging as they gave me insight into my career path. Although I am majoring in language study, I do not aim at working as a translator or an educator. Instead, I want to work in the threatre-related industry. Therefore, after listening to the talk, I realized that it is possible for me to work in the non-language related field, only that I have to work harder, or have to face a lot of obstacles and need to make adjustment. Besides, another key message I got is that attitude and being active are the essential keys when attending interviews. After listening to Vanessa, I apprehend that showing a positive attitude during the job interview will give a better impression to the employer. When a person has a positive attitude in him/herself and is able to show that he or she is eager in getting the job, the person will probably be more active and out spoken in responding to the interviewer and is able to handle challenging questions better. Thus, it gives more confidence to the employer that the candidate is suitable for the job which thus, leading to the success in job application. Therefore, in general, I have also learnt from the session by CAIO that having a positive attitude and being outspoken and active in job interviews increase the chances of being employed.

Pill Bug Lab Essay

Introduction The study of animal behavior is ethology. There are two basic categories of animal behavior: learned behavior and innate, or inherited, behavior. Learned behavior is when animals acquire knowledge about their behavior through experience. Unlike learned behaviors, innate behavior exists naturally in animals, meaning that animals are born with some behaviors. In order to find a suitable environment, animals use orientation behaviors. The two types of orientation behaviors are taxis and kinesis. Taxis is an animal’s natural ability to know whether a stimulus is suitable or unsuitable. Kinesis is defined as random movement that is not exhibited in response to a stimulus (Lab #12). Isopods, otherwise known as pill bugs, are scavengers that feed on dead and decaying plants and animals. Pill bugs vary in color from dark grey to dark brown and are easily recognized by their oval, segmented bodies. They are the only crustaceans that have adapted to living their entire life on land (Potter). However, pill bugs still breathe through gills; therefore, they are restricted to live in environments with high humidity (â€Å"Isopod, Pillbug, Sow Bug Information†). Isopods tend to remain under objects during the day and are most active at night. They thrive in moist shaded places: under rocks, large fallen trees, and flower pots and in moist leaf litter and damp basements. Experimental Hypothesis If pill bugs are generally found in dark environments such as under flower pots, under logs, under welcome mats, and in piles of leaves, then they will prefer the dark side of the choice chamber rather than the light side of the chamber. Experimental Design Materials -2 sheets of filter paper -choice chamber -2 lids -paintbrush -10 pill bugs -box -timer Procedures Collect filter paper, a choice chamber, 2 lids, a paintbrush, 10 pill bugs, a box, and a stopwatch. Set the materials up. First, place the choice chamber on the table. Next, position the filter in the bottom of the chamber. Then, place 5 pill bugs on each side of the chamber. Lastly, place the lids on top of each side. In order to create a dark atmosphere, place the box over one side of the choice chamber. This lab will be completed over the course of ten minutes. The main task is to observe the position of the pill bugs in two minute intervals using the stopwatch. Use the paintbrush to lead any stray pill bugs back into the choice chamber. Write down any observations and/or comments.